Neuralink je implantabilna naprava, ki je pokazala znatno izboljšanje v primerjavi z drugimi, saj podpira fleksibilne celofanu podobne prevodne žice, vstavljene v tkivo s pomočjo kirurškega robota "šivalni stroj". Ta tehnologija lahko pomaga pri lajšanju bolezni možganov (depresija, Alzheimerjeva bolezen, Parkinsonova bolezen itd.) in hrbtenjače (paraplegija, kvadriplegija itd.), ki imajo skupno značilnost napačne komunikacije ali izgubljene komunikacije med nevronskimi celicami.
Nevronski signali oz živec impulses are at the core of človeškega experience. All our sensations, emotion, pain and pleasure, happiness, memory and nostalgia, and consciousness are as a result ohttps://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/medicine/precision-medicine-for-cancer-neural-disorders-and-cardiovascular-diseases/f generation, transmission and reception of Živčne signals from one neuron to another. Smooth functioning of this translates to good health. Any aberration in this system due to injury or starostna degeneracija leads to diseases. Understanding these neural processes involves sending Živčne signals to an external device such as a computer to analyse them and effecting any appropriate correcting measures, has been standing endeavour of science towards improvement of človeškega life and health. This can be made possible by creating brain computer interfaces.
Brain Computer Interface is also referred to as Brain Machine Interface or Živčne Interface. It is a communication link between the človeškega brain and an external device. There have been several significant advancements in this area in the recent past. Some of these devices include brain pacemaker1,2, BrainNet3,4, nesmrtnost5 in bioničnimi organi6.
Srčni spodbujevalnik možganov poveča povezavo med nevroni. To vključuje implantacijo majhnih, tankih električnih žic v pacientov čelni reženj in nato pošiljanje električnih impulzov skozi baterijsko napajano napravo, s čimer se olajša funkcionalna povezljivost med različnimi območji in jih analizira z uporabo računalnika.
BrainNet refers to enhancing the brain-computer interface to a brain-to-brain interface in ljudje where content from neural signals (such as memory, feelings, emotions etc.) are extracted from a ‘sender’ and delivered to a ‘receivers’ možganov prek interneta.
Nesmrtnost se v okviru tega članka nanaša na oživitev možganskih funkcij po smrti organizma. Znanstveniki so uspeli oživiti prašičje možgane s presnovnim zagotavljanjem energije možganov.
Bionski organi se nanašajo na razvoj funkcionalnih organov z uporabo električnih impulzov, kot je bilo dokazano z ustvarjanjem bioničnega očesa (pomemben napredek pri pomoči delno slepim/slepim ljudem). Bionic eye uporablja majhno video kamero, nameščeno na steklo, te slike pretvori v električne impulze in nato te impulze brezžično prenaša na elektrode, implantirane na površino mrežnice. To omogoča pacientu, da razlaga te vizualne vzorce in s tem ponovno pridobi koristen vid.
Globoka možganska stimulacija je z leti naredila prehod od nosljivih na vsadljive naprave7 in je pokazal znatne izboljšave pri uporabljenih materialih8. Neuralink9 is one such implantable device that has shown significant improvement over others in that it supports flexible cellophane-like conductive wires inserted into the tissue using a “sewing machine” surgical robot. The precision by which the robots inserts the device makes the procedure extremely safe and reliable. The actual total size of the incision and is that of a small coin and the device is 23mm X 8mm in size. The device has received a Breakthrough Designation in July and that Neuralink is working with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on a future clinical trial for people with paraplegia. It is envisaged that the correction of neural signals through the use of Neuralink will be able to solve a large number of health problems provided it is proven safe in the long-term use in ljudje.
Ta tehnologija lahko pomaga pri lajšanju bolezni možganov (depresija, Alzheimerjeva, Parkinsonova itd.) in hrbtenjača (paraplegia, quadriplegia etc.) that have a common feature of miscommunication or lost communication between the neuronal cells due to their inability to send electrical impulses. Use of this technology will improve the communication and also help identify predisposition to these diseases by monitoring the electrical impulses in the človeškega brain. This could help ljudje to live a longer life free of any mental illnesses. The technology can further be exploited to immortalise the človeškega brain and lead to development of robots with artificial intelligence similar to or better than ljudje od danes.
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Reference:
- Srčni spodbujevalnik možganov: novo upanje za ljudi z demenco http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/brain-pacemaker-new-hope-for-people-with-dementia/
- Brezžični "možganski srčni spodbujevalnik", ki lahko zazna in prepreči napade http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/a-wireless-brain-pacemaker-that-can-detect-and-prevent-seizures/
- BrainNet: Prvi primer neposredne komunikacije med možgani http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/brainnet-the-first-case-of-direct-brain-to-brain-communication/
- Kaku M, 2018. Tehnologije prihodnosti. Na voljo na spletu na https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RQ44wQwpCc
- Oživitev prašičjih možganov po smrti: centimeter bližje nesmrtnosti http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/revival-of-pigs-brain-after-death-an-inch-closer-to-immortality/
- Bionično oko: obljuba vida za bolnike s poškodbo mrežnice in optičnega živca http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/bionic-eye-promise-of-vision-for-patients-with-retinal-and-optic-nerve-damage/
- Montalbano L., 2020. Vmesniki možgani in stroji in etika: prehod od nosljivih na vsadljive (8. februar 2020). Na voljo na SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3534725 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3534725
- Bettinger CJ, Ecker M, et al 2020. Nedavni napredek na področju nevronskih vmesnikov – kemija materialov v klinično prevajanje. Na spletu objavil Cambridge University Press: 10. avgusta 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2020.195
- Musk E, 2020. NeuraLink Progress Update, poletje 2020. 28. avgust 2020. Na voljo na spletu na https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVvmgjBL74w&feature=youtu.be
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